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Review

Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Health Parameters in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Publicated to:Healthcare (Basel). 12 (23): 2434- - 2024-12-01 12(23), DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12232434

Authors: Maicas-Perez, Luis; Hernandez-Lougedo, Juan; Mate-Munoz, Jose Luis; Villagra-Astudillo, Ariel; Garcia-Fernandez, Pablo; Suarez-Villadat, Borja; Jimenez-Rojo, Blanca

Affiliations

Alfonso X El Sabio Univ, Dept Phys Act & Sports Sci, Madrid 28691, Spain - Author
Club Atlet Madrid Fdn, Innovat & Hlth Dept, Madrid 28022, Spain - Author
HM Hosp, Inst Invest Sanitaria, Madrid 28692, Spain - Author
Int Univ La Rioja, Fac Hlth Sci, NIKE Res Grp, Logrono 26006, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Phys Educ Sport & Human Motr, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author
Univ Camilo Jose Cela, HM Hosp, Fac Hlth Sci, Physiotherapy & Hlth Res Grp FYSA, Madrid 28692, Spain - Author
Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Nursing Physiotherapy & Podiatry, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Intellectual disability (ID) encompasses diverse challenges that affect daily life and health. Sedentary behaviors, prevalent in this population, contribute to alarming health concerns, notably obesity and musculoskeletal issues. This review examines the role of physical activity (PA) interventions in addressing these health challenges among children and adolescents with ID. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases, using specific keywords aligned with the PICO framework (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome). From January 2013 to October 2024, a total of 5236 studies were identified, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria for this review according to PRISMA procedures. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on the impact of PA on body composition, physical fitness, bone health, metabolic indicators, and overall quality of life were included. The study cohort consisted of individuals aged 13-24 diagnosed with ID. The findings consistently highlight the positive relationship between PA interventions and improved health markers in individuals with ID. Diverse PA interventions, ranging from strength training to high-intensity exercises, demonstrated significant improvements in body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density. Notably, higher-frequency PA programs (minimum three sessions per week) yielded more substantial benefits. This review underscores the potential of adapted PA interventions to address health concerns and enhance the quality of life for individuals with ID. Further comprehensive research is needed to establish standardized guidelines for effective PA interventions in this population.

Keywords

Adapted physical activityAdapted sportsBody-compositionBone-mineral densityDown-syndromeHealthInclusive environmentIntellectual disabilityMasPeoplePsychomotor developmentQuality of life impactSocial inclusionStrengthSystematic revieSystematic reviewYoung-adults

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Healthcare (Basel) due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 73/174, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Health Care Sciences & Services. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Leadership and Management.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-28:

  • Scopus: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-28:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 35 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.