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Grant support

Francisco Munoz thanks the Mediterranean Office for Youth Program by the mobility grant (MOY GRANT N + 2010/024/01) in the Program Master in Mathematics and Mathematical engineering. Juan Carlos Nuno wishes to acknowledge the European Erasmus staff mobility programmes. We are grateful to Laura Navajas for checking the English of this manuscript. We also thank the reviewers for their useful suggestions and remarks.

Analysis of institutional authors

Munoz, FranciscoAuthor

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Article

Effects of inspections in small world social networks with different contagion rules

Publicated to:Physica A-Statistical Mechanics And Its Applications. 432 76-86 - 2015-08-15 432(), DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2015.02.096

Authors: Munoz, Francisco; Carlos Nuno, Juan; Primicerio, Mario

Affiliations

Univ Florence, Dipartimento Matemat Ulisse Dini, I-55015 Florence, Italy - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Appl Math, E-28040 Madrid, Spain - Author

Abstract

We study the way the structure of social links determines the effects of random inspections on a population formed by two types of individuals, e.g. tax-payers and tax-evaders (free riders). It is assumed that inspection occur in a larger scale than the population relaxation time and, therefore, a unique initial inspection is performed on a population that is completely formed by tax-evaders. Besides, the inspected tax-evaders become tax-payers forever. The social network is modeled as a Watts-Strogatz Small World whose topology can be tuned in terms of a parameter p is an element of [0,1] from regular (p = 0) to random (p = 1). Two local contagion rules are considered: (i) a continuous one that takes the proportion of neighbors to determine the next status of an individual (node) and (ii) a discontinuous (threshold rule) that assumes a minimum number of neighbors to modify the current state. In the former case, irrespective of the inspection intensity v, the equilibrium population is always formed by tax-payers. In the mean field approach, we obtain the characteristic time of convergence as a function of v and p. For the threshold contagion rule, we show that the response of the population to the intensity of inspections v is a function of the structure of the social network p and the willingness of the individuals to change their state, r. It is shown that sharp transitions occur at critical values of v that depends on p and r. We discuss these results within the context of tax evasion and fraud where the strategies of inspection could be of major relevance. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords

BehaviorComputer simulationsDynamicsMathematical modelModelsSocial networkTax evasionTax-evasion

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Physica A-Statistical Mechanics And Its Applications due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2015, it was in position 23/79, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Physics, Multidisciplinary. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Condensed Matter Physics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.76, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-29, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 3
  • Scopus: 3

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-29:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 22 (PlumX).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Italy.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Muñoz Ortega, Francisco Javier) .