- Rey Juan Carlos University

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Analysis of institutional authors

Pichel NCorresponding Author

Publicated to: - (), DOI:

Pichel N; Hymnô de Souza F; Sabogal-Paz LP; Shah PK; Adhikari N; Pandey S; Shrestha BM; Gaihre S; Pineda-Marulanda DA; Hincapie M; Luwe K; Kumwenda S; Aguilar-Conde JC; Cortes MALRM; Hamilton JWJ; Byrne JA; Fernandez-Ibañez P;

Affiliations

Cántaro Azul, Calle Franz Bloom 4, Barrio de Cuxtitali, Chiapas, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico - Author

Cantaro Azul, Calle Franz Bloom 4, San Cristobal De Las Casa, Chiapas, Mexico - Author

Centro de Ciencia y Tecnología de Antioquia, Carrera 46 No. 56-11, Medellin, Colombia - Author

Ctr Ciencia & Tecnol Antioquia, Carrera 46 56-11, Medellin, Colombia - Author

Faculty of Engineering, University of Medellin, Ctra. 87, 30-65, Medellin, 050026, Colombia - Author

Institute of Applied Health Sciences (IAHS), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom - Author

Kantipur Dent Coll Teaching Hosp & Res Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal - Author

Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital & Research Centre, Nepal - Author

Malawi Univ Business & Appl Sci MUBAS, Dept Publ & Environm Hlth Sci, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi - Author

Med Micro Res Lab Pvt Ltd, Kathmandu, Nepal - Author

Med-Micro Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd, Nepal - Author

Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St, Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom - Author

Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St, Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstole - Author

Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Dept Expt Sci & Engn, C Tulipan S-N, Mostoles 28933, Spain - Author

São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Paulo, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil - Author

The Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), Department of Public and Environmental Health Sciences, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi - Author

Ulster Univ, Nanotechnol & Integrated Bioengn Ctr, Sch Engn, York St, Belfast BT15 1AP, North Ireland - Author

Univ Aberdeen, Inst Appl Hlth Sci IAHS, Sch Med Med Sci & Nutr, Aberdeen, Scotland - Author

Univ Medellin, Fac Engn, Carrera 87 30-65, Medellin 050026, Colombia - Author

Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Sch Engn, Dept Hydraul & Sanitat, Ave Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil - Author

Abstract

This work highlights the need for a global approach to drinking water monitoring that involves facing several critical issues. Field tests that perform to very high standards of indicator microorganisms’ detection and confidence and, at the same time, being available in rural and isolated locations of low-income settings are urgently needed. Commercially available field-testing solutions for Escherichia coli determination based on hydrogen sulfide and defined substrate methods were critically reviewed, considering their capabilities and limitations, compliance against the UNICEF Target Product Profile (TPP), technology performance, availability, and cost. None of the available tests meets the standards set by the UNICEF TPP, the biggest limitation being the requirement of a power source. They need at least 18–24 h of incubation, hence they have not significantly decreased the amount of the time needed to complete an assay; and their applicability is generally limited by the sample volume. Additionally, there is still need for more accurate and standardised validation studies that open new opportunities for low-cost testing solutions in the field. On the other hand, traditional methods are the only ones legally authorised by national regulations in the case study locations, with a range of resources and technologies limitations. Despite the use of field kits is beginning to gain acceptance, its implementation in the field strongly relies on their availability and cost locally. Most field kits price exceed the maximum of 6 USD set by UNICEF, and they even cost significantly more when acquire from local distributors in developing countries. © 2023 The Authors

Keywords

Quality index

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Pichel Mira, Natalia) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Pichel Mira, Natalia.