Domingo Santo Liotta was born in Argentina where he studied medicine and specialized in cardiovascular surgery, although his professional career stands out for his numerous inventions of technology applied to medicine. Undoubtedly, his best-known achievement is the invention of the first complete artificial heart that was successfully implanted in 1969. In his long career as a surgeon and inventor he developed prostheses, surgical instruments and diagnostic methods. Domingo Liotta lived and worked for years in Latin America, Europe and the United States. Back in Argentina his successes in the field of medicine catapulted him into the political sphere, being appointed Secretary of Public Health of the Nation, Secretary of State for Science and Technology, and President of the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research. Domingo Liotta combined these positions with his vocation as an inventor and continued to patent new designs until the twenty-first century. This chapter discusses his career path and his inventions, which have influenced the lives of patients around the world.