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Gomez, David GarozAuthor
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Friction Resistance of Uncured Carbon/Epoxy Prepregs under Thermoforming Process Conditions: Experiments and Modelling

Publicated to:Journal Of Manufacturing And Materials Processing. 7 (1): 14- - 2023-02-01 7(1), DOI: 10.3390/jmmp7010014

Authors: Aveiga, David; Gomez, David Garoz; Mocerino, Davide; Lopez-Romano, Bernardo; Gonzalez, Carlos

Affiliations

Fdn Invest Desarrollo & Aplicac Mat Comp FIDAMC, Getafe 28906, Spain - Author
IMDEA Mat Inst, C-Er Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Mat Sci, ETS Ingn Caminos, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl Guillermo Velarde, Madrid 28006, Spain - Author

Abstract

The numerous prepreg characteristics benefit industries like the aerospace and automotive ones, producing a wide range of high-performance components for primary or secondary applications. Parts production is usually assisted by a thermoforming process in which the prepreg is heated and reshaped employing a moulding system. The ply-ply and ply-tool sliding behaviours in the Thermoforming govern the defects generation, such as wrinkles, making its study a crucial step. This work analyses ply-ply and ply-tool friction coefficients for UD AS4/8552 Carbon/Epoxy prepreg. A pull-out test method was employed to determine the friction coefficients at different velocities, pressures, and temperatures related to the thermoforming process conditions, supplying a detalied report of friction parameters and mechanisms. The measurements of the interlaminar resin layer thickness and the surface roughness geometry resulted respectively in a range of 11-14 mu m and 3-4 mu m were taken into account in the Lubrication Theory approach to developing an analytical model. Based on the Stribeck curve and Reynolds equation for a viscous fluid, the developed model accurately predicts friction coefficients for prepreg composite materials in the process and contact conditions mentioned below.

Keywords
BehaviorCompositesFiber wavinessFrictionInterply frictionPly frictionPrepreg compositeShearStiffnessStrengthStribeck curveThermoforming manufacturingThermoset prepregWrinkle

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of Manufacturing And Materials Processing due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 46/183, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Engineering, Mechanical. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Mechanical Engineering.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.03, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-06, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 3
  • Scopus: 4
  • OpenCitations: 1
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-06:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 9.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 9 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.