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Article

Detection of Facial Spoofing Attacks in Uncontrolled Environments Using ELBP and Color Models

Publicated to:Ieee Latin America Transactions. 20 (6): 875-883 - 2022-06-01 20(6), DOI: 10.1109/tla.2022.9757369

Authors: Valderrama, W; Magadan, A; Vergara, O; Ruiz, J; Pinto, R; Reyes, G

Affiliations

Ctr Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Tecnol TecNM CENIDET, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico - Author
Univ Autonoma Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico - Author

Abstract

Distance education has become an alternative in teaching derived from the Covid-19 pandemic. However, distance education has led to bad practices for some students. For example, it was detected that some students spoofed the teacher in a class or exam. Therefore, facial biometrics can be used to solve, in real-time, the spoofing problem. However, the solution is not exempt from presentation attacks that undermine the reliability of the systems. Other challenges that must be considered are lighting, resolution, and variable size of the faces, among others. In this paper, we present a methodology to address the problem of facial spoofing attacks. We combine the Extended Local Binary Patterns (ELBP) descriptor and YCbCr, HSV color models to highlight the saturation and illumination of an image. For the experiments, we present a comparison of our proposal against other state-of-the-art methods. We obtain an error of 2.45% with the Half Total Error Rate (HTER) metric in the MSU image bank. The results revealed that for environments where the camera resolutions are not controlled, our proposal provides a feasible solution reducing the costs of acquiring specific hardware

Keywords

Biological system modelingDistance educationFace liveness detectionFacial spoofingGood health and well-beingHardwareImage color analysisInstrumentsIrrigationLightingProposalsRecognitioTextureUncontrolled environment

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Ieee Latin America Transactions, and although the journal is classified in the quartile Q4 (Agencia WoS (JCR)), its regional focus and specialization in Engineering, Electrical & Electronic, give it significant recognition in a specific niche of scientific knowledge at an international level.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-28:

  • Open Alex: 4
  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 5

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-28:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 10 (PlumX).
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 3 - Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, with a probability of 80% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Mexico.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (Reyes Salgado, Gerardo).