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Serrada-Tejeda, SAuthorSanchez-Herrera-Baeza, PCorresponding AuthorRodriguez-Perez, MpAuthorMaximo-Bocanegra, NAuthorMartinez-Piedrola, RmAuthorTrugeda-Pedrajo, NAuthorHuertas-Hoyas, EAuthorPerez-De-Heredia-Torres, MAuthor

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September 27, 2022
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Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Jefferson empathy scale health professions students' version in SpanishOccupational therapy students

Publicated to:Bmc Medical Education. 21 (1): 472- - 2021-09-06 21(1), DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02845-y

Authors: Serrada-Tejeda, Sergio; Sanchez-Herrera-Baeza, Patricia; Rodriguez-Perez, M Pilar; Maximo-Bocanegra, Nuria; Martinez-Piedrola, Rosa M; Trugeda-Pedrajo, Nuria; Huertas-Hoyas, Elisabet; Perez-de-Heredia-Torres, Marta

Affiliations

Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Dept Phys Therapy Occupat Therapy Rehabil & Phys, Ave Atenas S-N, Madrid 28922, Spain - Author

Abstract

Background In occupational therapy, empathy is a fundamental concept and has a positive impact on health and quality of care outcomes for patients. It is a basic and essential concept that should prevail in the training of occupational therapy students. The aim of this study is to validate and cross-culturally adapt the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale, version for health professionals (JSE-HPS) in a sample of Spanish university students of occupational therapy. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between 2019 and 2020. A convenience sample was selected, consisting of 221 students from the four courses of the Occupational Therapy degree at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos during the 2019-20 academic year. Each of the participants voluntarily and anonymously completed a sociodemographic data sheet (including age and sex), in addition to the following assessment scales: JSE-HPS and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results A culturally adapted version of the JSE-HPS that guarantees conceptual and grammatical equivalence specific to the study population was obtained. The psychometric analysis of the translated version showed a Cronbach coefficient alpha of 0.786. The test-retest reliability analysis showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90 (95% CI = 0.86-0.93, p < 0.0001). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed positive results (chi(2) = 269.095, df = 167, p < 0.001, Confirmatory Fit Index [CFI] = 0.90, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.04). Conclusion The cultural adaptation and psychometric results suggest that the Spanish version of the JSE-HPS is a valid and reliable way to evaluate the empathic ability of occupational therapy students.

Keywords

2 universitiesAdultArticleAssessmentBurnoutConfirmatory factor analysisConfirmatory factor-analysisConvenience sampleCorrelation coefficientCross-sectional studiesCross-sectional studyDemographyEmpathyFemaleHealth studentHumanHuman experimentHumansMajor clinical studyMaleMedical-studentsModelNumberOccupational therapyOccupational therapy studentPhysician empathyPower analysisPsychometricsPsychometryQuestionnaireReproducibilityReproducibility of resultsSample-sizeStudentsStudents, health occupationsSurveys and questionnairesTest retest reliabilityUniversity student

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Bmc Medical Education due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Education.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.23, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Aug 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-08-24, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 4
  • Scopus: 4
  • Europe PMC: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-24:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 30 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Serrada Tejeda, Sergio) and Last Author (Pérez de Heredia Torres, Marta).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Sánchez Herrera Baeza, Patricia.