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Grant support

This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion grant number (MAT201566334-C3-1-R), Agencia Estatal de Investigacion grant number (Project RTI2018-096391-B-C31, Project PID2021-124341OB-C21, Project PID2021-123891OB-I00), and Comunidad de Madrid grant number (Project ADITIMAT-CM S2018/NMT-4411).

Analysis of institutional authors

Fernandez-Hernan, JpCorresponding AuthorTorres, BAuthorLopez, AjAuthorRams, JAuthor

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September 27, 2022
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Review
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The Role of the Sol-Gel Synthesis Process in the Biomedical Field and Its Use to Enhance the Performance of Bioabsorbable Magnesium Implants

Publicated to:Gels. 8 (7): 426- - 2022-07-01 8(7), DOI: 10.3390/gels8070426

Authors: Pablo Fernandez-Hernan, Juan; Torres, Belen; Julio Lopez, Antonio; Rams, Joaquin

Affiliations

Univ Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Area Ciencia & Ingn Mat, C Tulipan S-N, Mostoles 28933, Spain - Author

Abstract

In the present day, the increment in life expectancy has led to the necessity of developing new biomaterials for the restoration or substitution of damaged organs that have lost their functionalities. Among all the research about biomaterials, this review paper aimed to expose the main possibilities that the sol-gel synthesis method can provide for the fabrication of materials with interest in the biomedical field, more specifically, when this synthesis method is used to improve the biological properties of different magnesium alloys used as biomaterials. The sol-gel method has been widely studied and used to generate ceramic materials for a wide range of purposes during the last fifty years. Focused on biomedical research, the sol-gel synthesis method allows the generation of different kinds of biomaterials with diverse morphologies and a high potential for the biocompatibility improvement of a wide range of materials commonly used in the biomedical field such as metallic implants, as well as for the generation of drug delivery systems or interesting biomaterials for new tissue engineering therapies.

Keywords

Animal-cellsBioartificial organsBiomaterialsCalcium-phosphate coatingsCoatingsControlled-releaseCorrosion protectionHydroxyapatite particlesIn-vitro degradationMatricesMechanical-propertiesNanoparticlesScaffoldsSio2 entrapmentSol-gelStainless-steel

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Gels due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 18/86, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Polymer Science.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.12. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.13 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 4.81 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-03, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 13
  • Scopus: 17
  • Europe PMC: 4

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-03:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 77.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 77 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 8.85.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 4 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Fernández Hernán, Juan Pablo) and Last Author (Rams Ramos, Joaquín).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Fernández Hernán, Juan Pablo.