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Grant support

This work has been possible thanks to the Community of Madrid (CODEUS, ref. CM/JIN/2019-043; RACC CM/JIN/2021-016), Youth Employment Support Guarantee (ref. PEJ-2018-AI/TIC-11833) and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PoM, PID2019-105470RA-C33).

Analysis of institutional authors

Gualda-Gomez, DAuthorMurano, SAuthorNieto, RAuthor

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September 27, 2022
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Simulation Tool and Online Demonstrator for CDMA-Based Ultrasonic Indoor Localization Systems

Publicated to:Sensors. 22 (3): 1038- - 2022-02-01 22(3), DOI: 10.3390/s22031038

Authors: Perez-Rubio, Maria Carmen; Hernandez, Alvaro; Gualda-Gomez, David; Murano, Santiago; Vicente-Ranera, Jorge; Ciudad-Fernandez, Francisco; Villadangos, Jose Manuel; Nieto, Ruben

Affiliations

Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Elect Technol Dept, Madrid 28933, Spain - Author
Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Signal Theory & Commun Dept, Madrid 28942, Spain - Author
Univ Alcala, Dept Elect, Madrid 28801, Spain - Author
Univ Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Elect Dept, V9410 AQD, Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina - Author

Abstract

This work presents the CODEUS platform, which includes a simulation tool together with an online experimental demonstrator to offer analysis and testing flexibility for researchers and developers in Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning Systems (UIPSs). The simulation platform allows most common encoding techniques and sequences to be tested in a configurable UIPS. It models the signal modulation and processing, the ultrasonic transducers' response, the beacon distribution, the channel propagation effects, the synchronism, and the application of different positioning algorithms. CODEUS provides results and performance analysis for different metrics and at different stages of the signal processing. The UIPS simulation tool is specified by means of the MATLAB (c) App-Designer environment, which enables the definition of a user-friendly interface. It has also been linked to an online demonstrator that can be managed remotely by means of a website, thus avoiding any hardware requirement or equipment on behalf of researchers. This demonstrator allows the selected transmission schemes, modulation or encoding techniques to be validated in a real UIPS, therefore enabling a fast and easy way of carrying out experimental tests in a laboratory environment, while avoiding the time-consuming tasks related to electronic design and prototyping in the UIPS field. Both simulator and online demonstrator are freely available for researchers and students through the corresponding website.

Keywords

Active sensingAlgorithmAlgorithmsAnalysis and testingCodesComputer simulationEncoding (symbols)Encoding technique for active sensingEncoding techniquesEncoding techniques for active sensingHumanHumansIndoor localization systemsIndoor positioning systemsMatlabModulationOnline demonstratorOnline systemsPositioning systemSignal encodingSignal modulationsSignal processingSignal processing, computer-assistedSignal-processingSimulation platformSoundUltrasonic indoor positioning systemUltrasonic indoor positioning system (uips)Ultrasonic transducersUltrasonicsUltrasoundWebsites

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sensors due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Analytical Chemistry.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.56, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 5
  • Scopus: 6
  • Europe PMC: 3

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 13.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 21 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Argentina.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (Nieto Capuchino, Rubén).