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Grant support

This research was funded by the NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme, grant number G5448, and by MINECO under Grant MTM2016-77213-R.

Analysis of institutional authors

Gonzalez Vasco, MiCorresponding AuthorPerez Del Pozo, AlAuthor
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Group Key Establishment in a Quantum-Future Scenario

Publicated to:Informatica. 31 (4): 751-768 - 2020-01-01 31(4), DOI: 10.15388/20-INFOR427

Authors: González Vasco, MI; Pérez del Pozo, AL; Steinwandt, R

Affiliations

Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Math Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA - Author
Univ Rey Juan Carlos, MACIMTE, Madrid, Spain - Author

Abstract

In cryptography, key establishment protocols are often the starting point paving the way towards secure execution of different tasks. Namely, the parties seeking to achieve some cryptographic task, often start by establishing a common high-entropy secret that will eventually be used to secure their communication. In this paper, we put forward a security model for group key establishment (GAKE) with an adversary that may execute efficient quantum algorithms, yet only once the execution of the protocol has concluded. This captures a situation in which keys are to be established in the present, while security guarantees must still be provided in the future when quantum resources may be accessible to a potential adversary. Further, we propose a protocol design that can be proven secure in this model. Our proposal uses password authentication and builds upon efficient and reasonably well understood primitives: a message authentication code and a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism. The hybrid structure dodges potential efficiency downsides, like large signatures, of some true post-quantum authentication techniques, making our protocol a potentially interesting fit for current applications with long-term security needs.

Keywords
AuthenticationExchangeGroup key exchangeHybrid structureKey establishment protocolMessage authentication codesNetwork securityPassword authenticationPost-quantum cryptographyPotential efficiencyPublic key cryptographyQuantum algorithmsQuantum efficiencyQuantum resourcesQuantum theoryQuantum-future cryptographySecureSecure execution

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Informatica due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position 35/265, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Mathematics, Applied.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.03, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 3
  • Scopus: 8
  • OpenCitations: 5
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 7.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 7 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 7.

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United States of America.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (González Vasco, Maria Isabel) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been González Vasco, Maria Isabel.