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This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644051. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644051.

Analysis of institutional authors

Garre, CAuthor

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September 27, 2022
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3D Tune-In Toolkit: An open-source library for real-time binaural spatialisation

Publicated to:Plos One. 14 (3): e0211899- - 2019-03-11 14(3), DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211899

Authors: Cuevas-Rodríguez, M; Picinali, L; González-Toledo, D; Garre, C; de la Rubia-Cuestas, E; Molina-Tanco, L; Reyes-Lecuona, A

Affiliations

Imperial Coll London, Dyson Sch Design Engn, London, England - Author
Univ Malaga, Dept Tecnol Elect, Malaga, Spain - Author
Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Ciencias Comp Arquitectura Comp Lenguajes &, Madrid, Spain - Author

Abstract

The 3D Tune-In Toolkit (3DTI Toolkit) is an open-source standard C++ library which includes a binaural spatialiser. This paper presents the technical details of this renderer, outlining its architecture and describing the processes implemented in each of its components. In order to put this description into context, the basic concepts behind binaural spatialisation are reviewed through a chronology of research milestones in the field in the last 40 years. The 3DTI Toolkit renders the anechoic signal path by convolving sound sources with Head Related Impulse Responses (HRIRs), obtained by interpolating those extracted from a set that can be loaded from any file in a standard audio format. Interaural time differences are managed separately, in order to be able to customise the rendering according the head size of the listener, and to reduce comb-filtering when interpolating between different HRIRs. In addition, geometrical and frequency-dependent corrections for simulating near-field sources are included. Reverberation is computed separately using a virtual loudspeakers Ambisonic approach and convolution with Binaural Room Impulse Responses (BRIRs). In all these processes, special care has been put in avoiding audible artefacts produced by changes in gains and audio filters due to the movements of sources and of the listener. The 3DTI Toolkit performance, as well as some other relevant metrics such as non-linear distortion, are assessed and presented, followed by a comparison between the features offered by the 3DTI Toolkit and those found in other currently available open-and closed-source binaural renderers.

Keywords

Acoustic stimulationArticleArtifactAuditory distance perceptionAuditory stimulationAuditory system parametersBinaural hearingBinaural room impulse responseCephalometryControlled studyData extractionExternalizationGeometryHead modelHead related impulse responseHumanHumansLocalizationNearby sourcesProceduresPsychophysicsSoftwareSoundSound detectionSound localization

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Plos One due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Multidisciplinary. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.83. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.38 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 15.35 (source consulted: Dimensions Aug 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-08-02, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 45
  • Scopus: 79

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-02:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 108.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 113 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 3.

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United Kingdom.