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Moreno, MAuthor
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Exploring the consequences of COVID-19 on tourist behaviors: perceived travel risk, animosity and intentions to travel

Publicated to:Tourism Review. 76 (4): 701-717 - 2021-07-27 76(4), DOI: 10.1108/TR-07-2020-0344

Authors: Abraham, V; Bremser, K; Carreno, M; Crowley-Cyr, L; Moreno, M

Affiliations

Pforzheim Univ Appl Sci, Fac Business & Law, Pforzheim, Germany - Author
Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Dept Humanities, Madrid, Spain - Author
Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Dept Mkt & Commun, Madrid, Spain - Author
Sapir Acad Coll, Dept Technol Mkt, Hof Ashkelon, Israel - Author
Univ Southern Queensland, Sch Law & Justice, Dept Mkt & Commun, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia - Author
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Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to report on the findings emerging from an international study focused on the COVID-19 pandemic impact on travel attitudes and behavioral intentions . Design/methodology/approach - An online survey created with SurveyMonkey was distributed to a sample of 216 international travelers who were at least 18 years of age. Findings - The findings suggest that attribution theory (locus of control) may account for international travel. Individuals attributing the spread of COVID-19 to their own countries (internal locus of control) are more likely to travel abroad. Statistically significant differences are observed between various generational cohorts concerning perceived travel risk, domestic and international travel. Originality/value - The impact of a health crisis on domestic and international travels conceptualized in a single model is absent from the literature. The authors propose a model to account for the influence of pandemics on tourists' attitudes and intentions to travel and whether attribution of blame influences travel destination choices (domestic or international).

Keywords
AdoptionAnimosityAttributionAttribution theoryChinaConsumer reactionConsumptionContextCovid-19DisastersIntentions to travelModelMotivationPerceived travel riskPersonalityTerrorism

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Tourism Review due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 11/58, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 5.15. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 4.5 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 5.39 (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-18, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 66
  • Scopus: 95
  • OpenCitations: 42
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-18:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 211.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 209 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.85.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).
Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Germany; Israel.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (Moreno Flores, María de la Gracia).