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NRP and VMAM are funded by Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. EAC is funded by Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion. The IronFEMME Study takes place with the financial support of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Convocatoria de ayudas I+D 2016, Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion 2013-2016 (Contract DEP2016-75387-P).

Analysis of institutional authors

Romero-Parra, NuriaAuthor

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October 27, 2022
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Menstrual Cycle Phases Influence on Cardiorespiratory Response to Exercise in Endurance-Trained Females

Publicated to:International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health. 18 (3): 860-12 - 2021-02-01 18(3), DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030860

Authors: Rael, Beatriz; Alfaro-Magallanes, Victor M; Romero-Parra, Nuria; Castro, Eliane A; Cupeiro, Rocio; de Jonge, Xanne A K Janse; Wehrwein, Erica A; Peinado, Ana B

Affiliations

Michigan State Univ, Dept Physiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA - Author
Univ Catolica Santisima Concepcion, Fac Educ, Concepcion 4090541, Chile - Author
Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Fac Phys Act & Sport Sci INEF, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, LFE Res Grp, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of sex hormone fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle on cardiorespiratory response to high-intensity interval exercise in athletes. Twenty-one eumenorrheic endurance-trained females performed an interval running protocol in three menstrual cycle phases: early-follicular phase (EFP), late-follicular phase (LFP) and mid-luteal phase (MLP). It consisted of 8 x 3-min bouts at 85% of their maximal aerobic speed with 90-s recovery at 30% of their maximal aerobic speed. To verify menstrual cycle phase, we applied a three-step method: calendar-based counting, urinary luteinizing hormone measurement and serum hormone analysis. Mixed-linear model for repeated measures showed menstrual cycle impact on ventilatory (EFP: 78.61 +/- 11.09; LFP: 76.45 +/- 11.37; MLP: 78.59 +/- 13.43) and heart rate (EFP: 167.29 +/- 11.44; LFP: 169.89 +/- 10.62; MLP: 169.89 +/- 11.35) response to high-intensity interval exercise (F-2.59 = 4.300; p = 0.018 and F-2.61 = 4.648; p = 0.013, respectively). Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, breathing frequency, energy expenditure, relative perceived exertion and perceived readiness were unaltered by menstrual cycle phase. Most of the cardiorespiratory variables measured appear to be impassive by menstrual cycle phases throughout a high-intensity interval exercise in endurance-trained athletes. It seems that sex hormone fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle are not high enough to disrupt tissues' adjustments caused by the high-intensity exercise. Nevertheless, HR based training programs should consider menstrual cycle phase.

Keywords

AthletesEstradiolEumenorrheicExerciseFemaleFollicular phaseHigh intensity interval exerciseHumansLuteal phaseMenstrual cycleOxygen consumptionPerformanceProgesteroneSex hormonesValidity

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 45/182, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Public, Environmental & Occupational Health.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 2.16. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.44 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 15.05 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 26
  • Scopus: 32
  • Europe PMC: 12

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 269.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 292 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 22.1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 33 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Chile; United States of America.