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This research was partially funded by: Grant TED2021-130980B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR". Grant RED2022-134259-T funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. Project "DTS21/00091", funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union. Grant for the requalification of permanent lectures, UC3M, David Delgado-Gomez.

Analysis of institutional authors

Sújar ACorresponding AuthorBayona SAuthor

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August 28, 2023
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Attention and impulsivity assessment using virtual reality games

Publicated to:Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 13689-13689 - 2023-08-22 13(1), DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40455-4

Authors: Mendez-Encinas, David; Sujar, Aaron; Bayona, Sofia; Delgado-Gomez, David

Affiliations

Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. - Author
Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. aaron.sujar@urjc.es. - Author
Departamento de Estádistica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Spain. - Author
Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Estadist, Leganes, Spain - Author
Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Dept Ciencias Comp, Mostoles, Spain - Author
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Abstract

The assessment of cognitive functions is mainly based on standardized neuropsychological tests, widely used in various fields such as personnel recruitment, education, or health. This paper presents a virtual reality game that allows collecting continuous measurements of both the performance and behaviour of the subject in an immersive, controllable, and naturalistic experience. The application registers variables related to the user's eye movements through the use of virtual reality goggles, as well as variables of the game performance. We study how virtual reality can provide data to help predict scores on the Attention Control Scale Test and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. We design the application and test it with a pilot group. We build a random forest regressor model to predict the attention and impulsivity scales' total score. When evaluating the performance of the model, we obtain a positive correlation with attention (0.434) and with impulsivity (0.382). In addition, our model identified that the most significant variables are the time spent looking at the target or at distractors, the eye movements variability, the number of blinks and the pupil dilation in both attention and impulsivity. Our results are consistent with previous results in the literature showing that it is possible to use data collected in virtual reality to predict the degree of attention and impulsivity.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.

Keywords

adhdchildrendiagnosishyperactivityscaletestsutilityvalidityCognitionContinuous performance-testEducational statusEye movementEye movementsImpulsive behaviorImpulsivenessVirtual reality

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Scientific Reports due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 25/134, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Multidisciplinary Sciences.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 5.82, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 4
  • Scopus: 4
  • Europe PMC: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 59 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Sújar Garrido, Aarón.